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AbulHassan, H S (2001) A framework for applying concurrent engineering principles to the construction industry, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , The Pennsylvania State University.

Akanmu, A A (2012) Towards cyber-physical systems integration in construction, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Pennsylvania State University.

Balina, C M (2002) Using labor productivity data to evaluate the application of lean principles to the concrete construction process, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Pennsylvania State University.

Bhawani, S (2021) A function-based lean construction methods ontology supporting the lean implementation planning process developed for construction projects, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Pennsylvania State University.

Castronovo, F (2016) Assessing problem-solving skills in construction education with the virtual construction simulator, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Pennsylvania State University.

Chen, C (2005) Entry strategies for international construction markets, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , The Pennsylvania State University.

Corbett, D I (1997) Quantifying quality in industrial construction, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , The Pennsylvania State University.

Dubler, C R (2011) Evaluating waste associated with building information exchange using lean theory, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , The Pennsylvania State University.

El-Aroud, A S (1980) Road network investment model for developing countries, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Pennsylvania State University.

Enache-Pommer, E (2010) A synergistic approach to green building delivery, lean principles and building information modeling in the design of healthcare facilities, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , The Pennsylvania State University.

Franz, B W (2014) Modeling the role of team integration and group cohesion in construction project performance, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Pennsylvania State University.

Gabrielli, M F (2009) Structural analysis of auction models, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , The Pennsylvania State University.

Gannon, E J (1998) A life-cycle cost model for use in the optimization of concrete bridge deck repair and rehabilitation, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , The Pennsylvania State University.

Gultekin, P (2015) An integrated process model and decision support system for energy efficient retrofits, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , The Pennsylvania State University.

Handojo, T (2001) The framework of a statistical acceptance plan based on the permanent deformation potential of asphalt concrete, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Pennsylvania State University.

Hanna, A S (1989) An interactive knowledge-based formwork selection system for buildings, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Pennsylvania State University.

Jafar Ramaji, I (2016) An integrated building information modeling (BIM) framework for multi-story modular buildings, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Pennsylvania State University.

Jiang, L (2016) A constructability review ontology to support automated rule checking leveraging building information models, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , The Pennsylvania State University.

Jung, Y J (2007) Subsurface utility engineering for highway projects: A study of utility impact rating and benefit-cost analysis, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Pennsylvania State University.

Kalamaras, G S (1996) A case method approach for interactive risk analysis of tunnel "design-for-constructability" concept, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , The Pennsylvania State University.

Kamel Hedayat Abad, M E (2017) Integration and interoperability of building envelope information and energy modeling, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Pennsylvania State University.

Kerns, W R (1971) Criteria for determining economic priorities in awarding sewage facility construction grants, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , The Pennsylvania State University.

Klotz, L (2008) Process transparency for sustainable building delivery, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Pennsylvania State University.

Konchar, M D (1997) A comparison of United States project delivery systems, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , The Pennsylvania State University.

Korkmaz, S (2007) Piloting evaluation metrics for high performance green building project delivery, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , The Pennsylvania State University.

Kreider, R G (2013) An ontology of the uses of building information modeling, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Pennsylvania State University.

Kumar, S (2013) Experience-based design review of healthcare facilities using interactive virtual prototypes, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , The Pennsylvania State University.

Kuntz, K A (1994) A construction crew evaluation model to improve craft productivity, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , The Pennsylvania State University.

Lather, J I (2019) A hybrid modeling approach using discrete event simulation and layout optimization for healthcare layout planning problems, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , The Pennsylvania State University.

Leicht, R M (2009) A framework for planning effective collaboration using interactive workspaces, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Pennsylvania State University.

Liu, F (2015) Integrated change and knowledge management for energy efficient retrofit projects, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Pennsylvania State University.

Luo, Y (2008) Decision support for prefabrication strategy selection on building systems, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Pennsylvania State University.

Lynch, T D (1996) A transaction cost framework for evaluating construction project organizations, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Pennsylvania State University.

Mace, B K (2001) A production control model for commercial construction, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Pennsylvania State University.

Magent, C S (2005) A process and competency-based approach to high performance building design, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , The Pennsylvania State University.

McIntyre, C (1996) A decision support system for the residential land development site selection process, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , The Pennsylvania State University.

Messner, J I (1994) An information framework for evaluating international construction projects, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Pennsylvania State University.

Mohammadpour, A (2014) Retrofitting healthcare facilities to enhance patient safety and energy efficiency, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , The Pennsylvania State University.

Mostavi, E (2018) Development of multiple criteria decision making instrument in designing of high performance commercial buildings, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Pennsylvania State University.

• Type: Thesis
• Keywords: carbon footprint; efficiency; energy consumption; fossil fuel; measurement; optimization; occupancy; building design; commercial building; environmental impact; government; life cycle; designer; United States; energy efficiency; energy use; life cycle cos
• ISBN/ISSN:
• URL: https://www.proquest.com/docview/2450021356
• Abstract:
  The worldwide challenge for energy has become acuter than ever before. The shortage of fossil fuels as the number one resource of energy carrier has emphasized the need for revising the current trend of energy consumption. Additionally, the public awareness of carbon footprint problems has compelled experts to take proper environmental measurements. Energy efficiency measures are widely spread nowadays, and the main issue is to determine the most effective strategies. Recent statistics show that building sector is the main contributor to the world total energy consumption, which makes it responsible for a significant amount of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In particular, commercial buildings are under a special focus as they consume about 18% of total energy in the United States (U. S. ). Since over 80% of the total energy use in buildings happens during the operational phase, governments have been employing several policies to support energy consumption reduction during buildings operation phase as an instantaneous and cost-effective method to decrease GHG emissions. Several factors including design and installation of suitable technology and occupants can significantly contribute to the success of energy efficiency measures. The proper design of buildings necessitates paying specific attention to the conceptual stage since numerous possible design options are made and roughly assessed to achieve the optimum solution. The diversity of proposed measures in the literature requires the decision maker to recompense several factors including environmental, energy, cost, and social factors to achieve the optimum solution. This requires designers to have access to a unique energy-efficient, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly model to address the interdependency of building design parameters and occupancy behaviors considering the whole life cycle of commercial buildings. The primary goal of the proposed research is to develop a multi-objectiveoptimization tool to assess the impacts of building design parameters on total energy consumption, associated environmental impacts, and total cost during the life cycle of commercial buildings as well as identifying the optimum solutions, which can satisfy all other objectives. The outcomes of this research provide the industry with a tool to identify a more sustainable, affordable, and occupant satisfactory construction. This research has been accomplished through the fulfilment of multiple pre-defined tasks. These pre-defined tasks include identifying the construction-based and occupant-based parameters influencing the energy consumption of buildings and equip a case study building with sub-metering instruments. The outcomes of these tasks were used in the next tasks to calibrate the energy models and develop the multi-objective optimization tool. The optimization tool, utilizes a Harmony Search (HS) based search engine to determine the optimum solution. The final task of this research was to prepare a proper Graphical User Interface (GUI) to facilitate the use of the optimization tool. Although the developed optimization tool is focused on the Life Cycle Emission (LCE), Life Cycle Cost (LCC), and occupants’ thermal satisfaction, it can be extended and modified to include other types of objectives.

Napolitan, C L (1995) Improvement to the forecast precision of the factor model for masonry productivity, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Pennsylvania State University.

Nguyen, T-H (1999) Automated deduction of topological information in a computer-based building design system, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , The Pennsylvania State University.

Nikolić, D (2011) Evaluating a simulation game in construction engineering education: The virtual construction simulator 3, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Pennsylvania State University.

Park, T i (2009) A comprehensive asset management system for sewer infrastructures, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Pennsylvania State University.

Phelps, A F (2008) Lean information flow in complex healthcare projects and the role of the “integrator” as information flow manager, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Pennsylvania State University.

Pulaski, M H (2005) The alignment of sustainability and constructability: A continuous value enhancement process, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Pennsylvania State University.

Riley, D R (1994) Modeling the space behavior of construction activities, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Pennsylvania State University.

Safari, M (2019) A regenerative approach to development and construction of building energy retrofit projects, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Pennsylvania State University.

Sanders, S R (1989) An analysis of factors affecting labor productivity in masonry construction, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Pennsylvania State University.

Solnosky, R L (2013) Integrated structural process model: An inclusive non-material specific approach to determining the required tasks and information exchanges for structural building information modeling, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Pennsylvania State University.

Sprau Coulter, T L (2014) Improving energy audit process and report outcomes through planning initiatives, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , The Pennsylvania State University.

Syal, M G (1992) Construction process knowledge model to assist method selection in project planning, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Pennsylvania State University.

Uhlik, F T, III (1984) Optimizing earthwork estimating for highway construction, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Pennsylvania State University.